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Q: What is IVIG?
A: IVIG stands for intravenous immune globulin; it is a sterile solution of concentrated antibodies extracted
from healthy donors which is administered into a vein. IVIG is used to treat disorders of the immune
system or to boost immune response to serious illness, and to treat immuno-suppressed recipients of
bone marrow transplants.1 Antibodies are responsible for defending our bodies from pathogens, such as
viruses and bacteria.
Q: How is IVIG made?
A: There is a highly specialized and lengthy process used to manufacture IVIG. It begins in blood centers
across the country where tens of thousands of healthy individuals donate their plasma (the portion of the
blood where the immune globulins and other blood proteins are contained). The plasma from all of these
individuals is then pooled together, and then chemically treated to isolate the immune globulins and
remove any other blood proteins or blood-borne pathogens. The end result is a highly purified immune
globulin preparation that is then packaged and ready to be infused.2
Q: Is IVIG safe?
A: Yes! Since IVIG is derived from human plasma, theoretically there is a risk of viral transmission; however,
every possible precaution and step is taken to ensure patient safety. The blood centers are strictly
monitored and regulated by the FDA and the manufacturers of IVIG, as well as the individual donors,
undergo an in-depth screening process to determine that they have not been exposed to certain
pathogens, such as the HIV or hepatitis virus. Furthermore, during the manufacturing process, viral
inactivation and removal steps are taken as an extra precaution.3
Q: How does IVIG work?
A: It is unclear as to exactly how IVIG works within the body. For
patients who are unable to produce their own antibodies, IVIG is
used to temporarily provide these patients with the antibodies they
need to ward off infection. In patients with autoimmune diseases, or
other conditions where the body's immune system is not functioning
as it should, IVIG can help regulate an overactive immune system by
signaling it to slow down or stop inflammatory processes.4 It has
also been hypothesized that IVIG might redirect the out-of-control
immune system from the body's tissues by serving as a target for the
auto-antibodies. While it is possible to debate the mechanisms by
which IVIG successfully treats diseases, there is no denying its
efficacy; IVIG has significantly improved the quality of life for
many individuals.5
Q: Why do I have to have regular infusions?
A: IVIG does not affect your immune systems ability to produce immune globulins; it simply increases the
antibody level within your body. Antibodies whether those produced naturally by your body or those
infused in the form of IVIG are eventually metabolized and eliminated by your body, usually in about 3-4
weeks. Regular infusions are necessary to maintain immune globulin levels within the desired range.2
Q: What kinds of side effects can I expect?
A: The most common side effects include headache, nausea, low-grade fever, chills, rash, neck/back
stiffness, and fatigue. Generally, these side effects are mild and tolerable and most often, they can be
alleviated by decreasing the rate of infusion. More serious side effects, such as allergic reactions, are
rare, but have been reported. Should you develop an allergic reaction, your health care providers are
sufficiently trained to handle this. Do not hesitate to contact your physician if your side effects are severe
or persistent. It is possible to reduce the severity of the side effects associated with IVIG infusions. Your
physician may suggest premedication with acetaminophen or antihistamines; corticosteroids are also an
option your doctor might conside.2 It is also important to make sure that you are sufficiently hydrated
before your infusions. Make sure that you are drinking plenty of water for several days before your
infusion.6
Q: Are there different brands of IVIG? How are they different?
A: Currently there are 8 brands of IVIG available in the United
States. They are all essentially therapeutically equivalent, however
they do differ from each other in terms of sugar, sodium, and
antibody content, as well as the presence of preservatives or latex.
Your physician will examine all of these factors and identify the
best brand for you.7
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